Black cockaded young men begin to form themselves

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Madison condemned President Adams' coercion of young men to bear arms in support of his policies. He also noted President Adams' abuses of constitutional authority and observed: “The abolition of Royalty was, it seems, not one of his [President Adams] Revolutionary principles.”

On May 17, 1798, Bache writes: “Citizens of America, you are called upon to unite and for what? In support of a man who openly avows his predilection for monarchical government and who has openly job function email list declared that it was not from discontent with the British government that he espoused the cause of your country -- That there is cause for alarm no one can deny; but that this cause is domestic and not foreign is too palpable to be questioned. [While] you are [busied] in preparing for an imagined enemy, the real enemy is assaulting the citadel of your dearest privileges ... and ere long you will be convinced to your sorrow that it was for independence and not for liberty that the President of the United States contended.”

On May 28, 1798, President Adams signed two acts. One authorized him to take command of the Navy and to seize any armed (French) ship “hovering on the coast” and the other to raise a provisional army.

In a letter to Thomas Jefferson, James Madison commented that he had seen the Alien Bill proposed in the Senate: “[It] is a monster that must forever disgrace its parents.”