What are the four types of artificial intelligence?
⦁ Reactive machines : capable of perceiving and reacting to the world in front of them while performing limited tasks.
⦁ Limited memory : capable of storing past data and predictions to inform predictions of what might come next.
⦁ Theory of mind: able to make decisions based on your perceptions of how others feel and make decisions.
⦁ Self-awareness: able to operate with human-level consciousness and understand one’s own existence.
Reactive machines
A reactive machine follows the most basic principles of AI and, as its name suggests, poland mobile phone number list is capable of using only its intelligence to perceive and react to the world in front of it. A reactive machine cannot store a memory and, as a result, cannot rely on past experiences to inform real-time decision-making.
Perceiving the world directly means that reactive machines are designed to perform only a limited number of specialized tasks. However, intentionally restricting a reactive machine’s worldview is not some kind of cost-cutting measure, and instead means that this type of AI will be more reliable and trustworthy—it will react in the same way to the same stimuli every time.
A famous example of a reactive machine is Deep Blue, which was designed by IBM in the 1990s as a chess-playing supercomputer that defeated international grandmaster Gary Kasparov in a game . Deep Blue was only able to identify the pieces on a chessboard and how each one moves based on the rules of chess, recognizing the current position of each piece and determining what the most logical move would be at that moment. The computer was not tracking its opponent's future moves or trying to position its own pieces in a better position. Each turn was seen as its own reality, separate from any other move made previously.
Another example of a reactive machine for games is Google's AlphaGo. AlphaGo is also unable to evaluate future moves, but relies on its own neural network to evaluate developments in the current game, giving it an advantage over Deep Blue in a more complex game. AlphaGo has also outperformed world-class competitors in the game , defeating champion Go player Lee Sedol in 2016.
While limited in scope and not easily changed, reactive machine AI can achieve a level of complexity and offers reliability when built to accomplish repeatable tasks.
Limited Memory
Limited-memory AI has the ability to store past data and predictions while gathering information and pondering possible decisions – essentially looking to the past for clues about what might come next. Limited-memory AI is more complex and has greater possibilities than reactive machines.
Limited-memory AI is created when a team continually trains a model on how to analyze and utilize new data, or an AI environment is built so that models can be trained and refreshed automatically.
When using limited-memory AI in ML, six steps must be followed: training data must be created, the ML model must be created, the model must be able to make predictions, the model must be able to receive human or environmental feedback, this feedback must be stored as data, and these steps must be iterated as a cycl
