Tempering process: steel within a hard ferrite matrix

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Heat the steel core evenly to temperatures between °C and °C, maintaining the surface between °C and °C. This stage of the annealing process allows the steel to soften to a minimum level of ductility. After this procedure, the steel is gradually cooled to a temperature below °C. This step removes all internal stresses in the core and gives the core surface the highest machinability class.
Subcritical annealing

Higher temperature ranges from °C to °C remove internal stress around the material, resulting in increased stress after work. Unlike full annealing, subcritical annealing does not change the deformation phase temperature, but is very effective in reducing stress around the machined area. For this reason, it is often referred to as process annealing.
Spheroidal annealing

This allows the steel core to be heated to the rich heritage of chinese australians in australia temperatures of °C and °C for a longer period of time to increase ductility. The method creates soft carbide spheres within a hard ferrite matrix around the core to improve machinability without damaging alternative parts.
Isothermal annealing

In this form of annealing, the steel is heated to a critical temperature of - o C or - o F and then cooled to an intermediate temperature and then cooled to room temperature. At the intermediate temperature, a phase transformation occurs, after which the material is returned to room temperature. With this combination of treatments, strength and machinability are sufficiently balanced.
These methods are used depending on the specific application requirements, the desired mechanical properties and the condition of the material before machining. Proper annealing prevents distortion, so the steel can be further machined without losing its shape.


Making metal parts harder is essential, and this stems from the need to maintain a balanced level of hardness while improving the toughness of the material. As a result, tempering is an important heat treatment technique that helps improve the mechanical characteristics of steel, an alloy whose main components are chromium and molybdenum. Tempering is typically performed after quenching to achieve a balance of hardness and toughness that improves the machinability of the product. The general industry standard tempering temperature for steel is to °F ( to °C), and this temperature largely depends on the desired final mechanical properties of the product.